来自中国机电商会相关部门的最新消息称，当地时间2021年8月16日，美国太阳能制造商向美国商务部提交申请，要求对特定生产商生产的、用产自中国的硅片等上游部件，在越南、泰国及马来西亚完成组装并出口美国的晶体硅光伏电池及组件（CrystallineSilicon Photovoltaic Cells ，WhetherorNot Partially or FullyAssembled Into Other Products），分别发起反规避调查。
2011年11月8日，美国对中国企业的特定光伏产品发起反倾销和反补贴调查。2012年10月10日，美国商务部发布终裁，对涉案中国企业征收18.32%~249.96%的反倾销税，及14.78%~15.97%的反补贴税。
来自机电商会的消息显示，此次反规避调查申请所列名的越南、泰国及马来西亚企业，包括了阿特斯阳光电力（越南）有限公司、阿特斯阳光电力(泰国)有限公司等全球光伏出口商。机电商会给出的美方申请调查的名单里，还提及了中电电气、博威尔特等。其余也涉及中资在越南收购的个别电池或组件类厂家，如越南光伏等。
该组织要求商务部调查以下公司：
马来西亚：Jinko Solar Technology Sdn.Bhd.；LONGi (Kuching) Sdn. Bhd. 及其附属公司Vina Cell Technology Company Limited和Vina Solar Technology Company Limited；JA Solar (Malaysia) Co., Ltd.或JA Solar Malaysia Sdn.Bhd．
泰国：Canadian Solar Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.；Trina Solar Science & Technology (Thailand) Co., Ltd.；Talesun Solar Technologies Thailand或Talesun Technologies (Thailand) Co., Ltd.；Astroenergy Solar Thailand Co., Ltd．
越南：Trina Solar (Vietnam) Science & Technology Co., Ltd.；Canadian Solar Manufacturing (Vietnam) Co., Ltd.；China Sunergy Co., Ltd.越南公司；Boviet Solar Technology (Vietnam) Co., Ltd.或Boviet Solar Technology Co., Ltd.；GCL System Integration Technology (Vietnam) Co. Ltd.；Vina Cell Technology Company Limited和Vina Solar Technology Company Limited；LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd.；JinkoSolar (Vietnam) Co., Ltd．
据海关统计，2020年我方对美出口光伏产品约4.5亿美元，同比增长125%。而据了解，申请人及主张本案的申请人为American Solar Manufacturers Against Chinese Circumvention，为美国国内产业联盟。申请人认为，美国对原产于中国的太阳能电池征收反倾销/反补贴税后，中国上下游一体化的生产商开始在东南亚各地建立电池和组件装配厂，同时继续依赖中国的劳动力、原材料和投入。中国生产商制定了一个规避计划，即把只需要少量加工的光伏电池产品的生产过程转移到第三国，同时尽可能多地将受补贴的供应链和劳动力保留在中国，以达到规避反倾销/反补贴关税的明确目的。
申请人强调，尽管美国商务部曾经认定，在第三国(如越南)使用来自中国的、不带 P/N节的硅片生产的光伏电池片/光伏组件不在税令范围内。但是，美国商务部之前也曾解释过，在原产地问题上对实质性转变的认定，不同于根据《1930年关税法》第781节对那些在第三国组装的产品是否正在规避反倾销/反补贴税令的认定。
机电商会太阳能光伏产品分会秘书长张森表示，中国有大量的公司在东南亚地区投入巨资建厂，从硅片到电池再到组件厂，这些公司实则是确实在海外有项目投资和产出的，这应该是不属于美国企业所谓的“规避”（关税）范畴内。而那些在海外仅有一个组件厂的公司，可能会受到怀疑。“美国之前是对来自中国的组件等产品进行关税征收。那么，个别厂家可能就会拿到半成品的电池产品，在海外做组件的简单加工，这种方式会被美国企业认为是在逃避美方关税。”
张森也表示，行业在近期会组织对该事件进行预警和分析，目前美方有关部门也没有正式立案，不过美方的举动不会让人“大惊小怪”。因为无论是前期的201、301调查还是双反等，中国企业（或在中国有投资的海外光伏公司）都已身经百战。但是这种所谓的“反规避”调查一旦确定，那么企业确实又要耗费大量的人力物力和财力要应对，提前作出预警和预判是十分重要的。
美国企业向有关公司发难，在今年也不是第一次。当地时间2021年8月2日, 美国Auxin Solar公司和Suniva公司根据美国《1974年贸易法案》相关规定，向美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)提交请愿书，申请对即将到期的进口晶体硅光伏电池和组件（Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells ，Whetheror Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products)保障措施加以延长。该措施自2018年2月7日起实施，有效期4年。预计ITC将很快发起调查，以确定是否对该保障措施加以延长。机电商会正在联系企业积极应对，并将根据企业需求提供帮助。
详情请见原文：
U．S．industry petitions Commerce to address alleged solar AD/CVD dodging
August 17， 2021 at 5：47
A group of U．S．solar manufacturers on Monday filed petitions with the Commerce Department alleging that Chinese companies are evading antidumping and countervailing duty orders on crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules and calling for duties to be extended to circumventing entities outside of China．
The industry group，calling itself the American Solar Manufacturers Against Chinese Circumvention (or “A-SMACC”)，requested that Commerce investigate imports of certain solar products from companies in Vietnam， Malaysia and Thailand, where it says components are diverted from China and go through “minor processing” to circumvent AD/CVD orders，according to petitions on each country. A-SMACC is a coalition of several domestic solar manufactures．The names of its members are redacted in the petitions seen by Inside U．S．Trad．
The U．S．International Trade Commission initiated AD/CVD investigations into imports of CSPV cells from China in November 2011, and Commerce imposed AD/CVD orders in December 2012, according to the petitions．Following a review in 2019，Commerce determined the orders should continue．
The petitioners note that the orders apply to cells “whether or not assembled into modules” and state that Commerce has found that “cells manufactured in China, modules manufactured in China with Chinese cells，and modules manufactured in third countries from Chinese cells are subject to the Orders．”
According to the petitions，U．S．imports of solar cells and modules from China dropped significantly after the orders were imposed，with an 86 percent decline in the value of Chinese imports of the products from 2011 to 2020． Meanwhile，imports from Vietnam，Malaysia and Thailand have risen considerably，the industry group wrote． The U．S．in 2020 imported more than $1.6 billion worth of the products from Vietnam，$2.3 billion worth of the products from Malaysia and $1.4 billion worth of the products from Thailand, compared to $1.3 million，$576 million and about $336,000, respectively，in 2011，according to the petitions．
A-SMACC contends that imports from those countries rely on Chinese-origin inputs and states that China’s dominance in the solar industry has only increased since the AD/CVD orders took effect．
“While Chinese companies now almost exclusively export to the United States from Southeast Asia, the vast majority of manufacturing, research and development, and capital investment remain in China,” the group said in a statement. “In cases like this the law is clear; the duties on Chinese solar products should be extended to circumventing entities. Otherwise, it is likely that our industry will succumb to monopoly control, our energy security will be at risk, and the Biden Administration’s goal to Build Back Better with clean energy manufacturing will be gravely imperiled．”
According to the petitioners, China is especially dominant in the solar wafer market, accounting for 93 percent of global wafer production in 2018．
In addition to the AD/CVD orders on Chinese solar products， the U．S．in 2018 imposed tariffs on silicon photovoltaic cells and modules. The ITC earlier this month opened an investigation into whether to extend that remedy, imposed under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974. The tariffs are set to expire next year． The probe followed a request from two U．S．solar manufacturers that said extending the remedy was critical to ensuring U．S．“solar energy independence”and expressed a commitment to on-shoring the solar supply chain, including components like cells and wafers．
Solar panel materials from China also have sparked forced-labor concerns. U.S. Customs and Borders Protection in June issued a withhold-release order on silica-based products -- critical solar panel materials -- made by Hoshine Silicon Industry Co．，Ltd., and its subsidiaries based on “information reasonably indicating” the company uses forced labor，according to a White House statement. About half of the world’s polysilicon comes from Xinjiang，where China has come under fire for its detainment of Uyghur Muslims．
According to research published last week by Roth Capital Partners, more than 100 containers of modules -- representing about 30 to 35 megawatts total -- from a single company have been detained under the order since it went into place，though one of the investment bank’s sources said the real volume could be two to three times higher．According to a trade attorney, the detained containers were from Chinese producer Jinko Solar，which is among the companies alleged to be evading AD/CVD orders．
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